641 lines
23 KiB
Python
641 lines
23 KiB
Python
"""
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babel.numbers
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~~~~~~~~~~~~~
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CLDR Plural support. See UTS #35.
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:copyright: (c) 2013-2024 by the Babel Team.
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:license: BSD, see LICENSE for more details.
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"""
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from __future__ import annotations
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import decimal
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import re
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from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
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from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable
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if TYPE_CHECKING:
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from typing_extensions import Literal
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_plural_tags = ('zero', 'one', 'two', 'few', 'many', 'other')
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_fallback_tag = 'other'
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def extract_operands(source: float | decimal.Decimal) -> tuple[decimal.Decimal | int, int, int, int, int, int, Literal[0], Literal[0]]:
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"""Extract operands from a decimal, a float or an int, according to `CLDR rules`_.
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The result is an 8-tuple (n, i, v, w, f, t, c, e), where those symbols are as follows:
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====== ===============================================================
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Symbol Value
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------ ---------------------------------------------------------------
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n absolute value of the source number (integer and decimals).
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i integer digits of n.
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v number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros.
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w number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros.
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f visible fractional digits in n, with trailing zeros.
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t visible fractional digits in n, without trailing zeros.
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c compact decimal exponent value: exponent of the power of 10 used in compact decimal formatting.
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e currently, synonym for ‘c’. however, may be redefined in the future.
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====== ===============================================================
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.. _`CLDR rules`: https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-61/tr35-numbers.html#Operands
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:param source: A real number
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:type source: int|float|decimal.Decimal
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:return: A n-i-v-w-f-t-c-e tuple
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:rtype: tuple[decimal.Decimal, int, int, int, int, int, int, int]
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"""
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n = abs(source)
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i = int(n)
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if isinstance(n, float):
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if i == n:
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n = i
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else:
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# Cast the `float` to a number via the string representation.
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# This is required for Python 2.6 anyway (it will straight out fail to
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# do the conversion otherwise), and it's highly unlikely that the user
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# actually wants the lossless conversion behavior (quoting the Python
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# documentation):
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# > If value is a float, the binary floating point value is losslessly
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# > converted to its exact decimal equivalent.
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# > This conversion can often require 53 or more digits of precision.
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# Should the user want that behavior, they can simply pass in a pre-
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# converted `Decimal` instance of desired accuracy.
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n = decimal.Decimal(str(n))
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if isinstance(n, decimal.Decimal):
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dec_tuple = n.as_tuple()
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exp = dec_tuple.exponent
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fraction_digits = dec_tuple.digits[exp:] if exp < 0 else ()
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trailing = ''.join(str(d) for d in fraction_digits)
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no_trailing = trailing.rstrip('0')
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v = len(trailing)
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w = len(no_trailing)
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f = int(trailing or 0)
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t = int(no_trailing or 0)
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else:
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v = w = f = t = 0
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c = e = 0 # TODO: c and e are not supported
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return n, i, v, w, f, t, c, e
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class PluralRule:
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"""Represents a set of language pluralization rules. The constructor
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accepts a list of (tag, expr) tuples or a dict of `CLDR rules`_. The
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resulting object is callable and accepts one parameter with a positive or
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negative number (both integer and float) for the number that indicates the
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plural form for a string and returns the tag for the format:
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>>> rule = PluralRule({'one': 'n is 1'})
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>>> rule(1)
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'one'
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>>> rule(2)
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'other'
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Currently the CLDR defines these tags: zero, one, two, few, many and
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other where other is an implicit default. Rules should be mutually
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exclusive; for a given numeric value, only one rule should apply (i.e.
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the condition should only be true for one of the plural rule elements.
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.. _`CLDR rules`: https://www.unicode.org/reports/tr35/tr35-33/tr35-numbers.html#Language_Plural_Rules
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"""
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__slots__ = ('abstract', '_func')
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def __init__(self, rules: Mapping[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]]) -> None:
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"""Initialize the rule instance.
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:param rules: a list of ``(tag, expr)``) tuples with the rules
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conforming to UTS #35 or a dict with the tags as keys
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and expressions as values.
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:raise RuleError: if the expression is malformed
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"""
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if isinstance(rules, Mapping):
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rules = rules.items()
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found = set()
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self.abstract: list[tuple[str, Any]] = []
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for key, expr in sorted(rules):
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if key not in _plural_tags:
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raise ValueError(f"unknown tag {key!r}")
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elif key in found:
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raise ValueError(f"tag {key!r} defined twice")
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found.add(key)
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ast = _Parser(expr).ast
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if ast:
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self.abstract.append((key, ast))
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def __repr__(self) -> str:
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rules = self.rules
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args = ", ".join([f"{tag}: {rules[tag]}" for tag in _plural_tags if tag in rules])
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return f"<{type(self).__name__} {args!r}>"
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@classmethod
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def parse(cls, rules: Mapping[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | PluralRule) -> PluralRule:
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"""Create a `PluralRule` instance for the given rules. If the rules
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are a `PluralRule` object, that object is returned.
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:param rules: the rules as list or dict, or a `PluralRule` object
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:raise RuleError: if the expression is malformed
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"""
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if isinstance(rules, PluralRule):
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return rules
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return cls(rules)
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@property
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def rules(self) -> Mapping[str, str]:
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"""The `PluralRule` as a dict of unicode plural rules.
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>>> rule = PluralRule({'one': 'n is 1'})
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>>> rule.rules
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{'one': 'n is 1'}
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"""
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_compile = _UnicodeCompiler().compile
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return {tag: _compile(ast) for tag, ast in self.abstract}
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@property
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def tags(self) -> frozenset[str]:
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"""A set of explicitly defined tags in this rule. The implicit default
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``'other'`` rules is not part of this set unless there is an explicit
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rule for it.
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"""
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return frozenset(i[0] for i in self.abstract)
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def __getstate__(self) -> list[tuple[str, Any]]:
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return self.abstract
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def __setstate__(self, abstract: list[tuple[str, Any]]) -> None:
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self.abstract = abstract
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def __call__(self, n: float | decimal.Decimal) -> str:
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if not hasattr(self, '_func'):
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self._func = to_python(self)
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return self._func(n)
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def to_javascript(rule: Mapping[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | PluralRule) -> str:
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"""Convert a list/dict of rules or a `PluralRule` object into a JavaScript
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function. This function depends on no external library:
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>>> to_javascript({'one': 'n is 1'})
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"(function(n) { return (n == 1) ? 'one' : 'other'; })"
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Implementation detail: The function generated will probably evaluate
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expressions involved into range operations multiple times. This has the
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advantage that external helper functions are not required and is not a
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big performance hit for these simple calculations.
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:param rule: the rules as list or dict, or a `PluralRule` object
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:raise RuleError: if the expression is malformed
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"""
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to_js = _JavaScriptCompiler().compile
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result = ['(function(n) { return ']
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for tag, ast in PluralRule.parse(rule).abstract:
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result.append(f"{to_js(ast)} ? {tag!r} : ")
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result.append('%r; })' % _fallback_tag)
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return ''.join(result)
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def to_python(rule: Mapping[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | PluralRule) -> Callable[[float | decimal.Decimal], str]:
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"""Convert a list/dict of rules or a `PluralRule` object into a regular
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Python function. This is useful in situations where you need a real
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function and don't are about the actual rule object:
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>>> func = to_python({'one': 'n is 1', 'few': 'n in 2..4'})
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>>> func(1)
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'one'
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>>> func(3)
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'few'
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>>> func = to_python({'one': 'n in 1,11', 'few': 'n in 3..10,13..19'})
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>>> func(11)
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'one'
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>>> func(15)
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'few'
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:param rule: the rules as list or dict, or a `PluralRule` object
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:raise RuleError: if the expression is malformed
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"""
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namespace = {
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'IN': in_range_list,
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'WITHIN': within_range_list,
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'MOD': cldr_modulo,
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'extract_operands': extract_operands,
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}
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to_python_func = _PythonCompiler().compile
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result = [
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'def evaluate(n):',
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' n, i, v, w, f, t, c, e = extract_operands(n)',
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]
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for tag, ast in PluralRule.parse(rule).abstract:
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# the str() call is to coerce the tag to the native string. It's
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# a limited ascii restricted set of tags anyways so that is fine.
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result.append(f" if ({to_python_func(ast)}): return {str(tag)!r}")
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result.append(f" return {_fallback_tag!r}")
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code = compile('\n'.join(result), '<rule>', 'exec')
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eval(code, namespace)
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return namespace['evaluate']
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def to_gettext(rule: Mapping[str, str] | Iterable[tuple[str, str]] | PluralRule) -> str:
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"""The plural rule as gettext expression. The gettext expression is
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technically limited to integers and returns indices rather than tags.
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>>> to_gettext({'one': 'n is 1', 'two': 'n is 2'})
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'nplurals=3; plural=((n == 1) ? 0 : (n == 2) ? 1 : 2);'
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:param rule: the rules as list or dict, or a `PluralRule` object
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:raise RuleError: if the expression is malformed
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"""
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rule = PluralRule.parse(rule)
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used_tags = rule.tags | {_fallback_tag}
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_compile = _GettextCompiler().compile
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_get_index = [tag for tag in _plural_tags if tag in used_tags].index
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result = [f"nplurals={len(used_tags)}; plural=("]
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for tag, ast in rule.abstract:
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result.append(f"{_compile(ast)} ? {_get_index(tag)} : ")
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result.append(f"{_get_index(_fallback_tag)});")
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return ''.join(result)
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def in_range_list(num: float | decimal.Decimal, range_list: Iterable[Iterable[float | decimal.Decimal]]) -> bool:
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"""Integer range list test. This is the callback for the "in" operator
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of the UTS #35 pluralization rule language:
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>>> in_range_list(1, [(1, 3)])
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True
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>>> in_range_list(3, [(1, 3)])
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True
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>>> in_range_list(3, [(1, 3), (5, 8)])
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True
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>>> in_range_list(1.2, [(1, 4)])
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False
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>>> in_range_list(10, [(1, 4)])
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False
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>>> in_range_list(10, [(1, 4), (6, 8)])
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False
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"""
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return num == int(num) and within_range_list(num, range_list)
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def within_range_list(num: float | decimal.Decimal, range_list: Iterable[Iterable[float | decimal.Decimal]]) -> bool:
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"""Float range test. This is the callback for the "within" operator
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of the UTS #35 pluralization rule language:
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>>> within_range_list(1, [(1, 3)])
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True
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>>> within_range_list(1.0, [(1, 3)])
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True
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>>> within_range_list(1.2, [(1, 4)])
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True
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>>> within_range_list(8.8, [(1, 4), (7, 15)])
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True
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>>> within_range_list(10, [(1, 4)])
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False
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>>> within_range_list(10.5, [(1, 4), (20, 30)])
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False
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"""
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return any(num >= min_ and num <= max_ for min_, max_ in range_list)
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def cldr_modulo(a: float, b: float) -> float:
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"""Javaish modulo. This modulo operator returns the value with the sign
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of the dividend rather than the divisor like Python does:
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>>> cldr_modulo(-3, 5)
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-3
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>>> cldr_modulo(-3, -5)
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-3
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>>> cldr_modulo(3, 5)
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3
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"""
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reverse = 0
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if a < 0:
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a *= -1
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reverse = 1
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if b < 0:
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b *= -1
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rv = a % b
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if reverse:
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rv *= -1
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return rv
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class RuleError(Exception):
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"""Raised if a rule is malformed."""
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_VARS = {
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'n', # absolute value of the source number.
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'i', # integer digits of n.
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'v', # number of visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros.*
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'w', # number of visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros.*
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'f', # visible fraction digits in n, with trailing zeros.*
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't', # visible fraction digits in n, without trailing zeros.*
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'c', # compact decimal exponent value: exponent of the power of 10 used in compact decimal formatting.
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'e', # currently, synonym for `c`. however, may be redefined in the future.
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}
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_RULES: list[tuple[str | None, re.Pattern[str]]] = [
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(None, re.compile(r'\s+', re.UNICODE)),
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('word', re.compile(fr'\b(and|or|is|(?:with)?in|not|mod|[{"".join(_VARS)}])\b')),
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('value', re.compile(r'\d+')),
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('symbol', re.compile(r'%|,|!=|=')),
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('ellipsis', re.compile(r'\.{2,3}|\u2026', re.UNICODE)), # U+2026: ELLIPSIS
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]
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def tokenize_rule(s: str) -> list[tuple[str, str]]:
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s = s.split('@')[0]
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result: list[tuple[str, str]] = []
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pos = 0
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end = len(s)
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while pos < end:
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for tok, rule in _RULES:
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match = rule.match(s, pos)
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if match is not None:
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pos = match.end()
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if tok:
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result.append((tok, match.group()))
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break
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else:
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raise RuleError(f"malformed CLDR pluralization rule. Got unexpected {s[pos]!r}")
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return result[::-1]
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def test_next_token(
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tokens: list[tuple[str, str]],
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type_: str,
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value: str | None = None,
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) -> list[tuple[str, str]] | bool:
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return tokens and tokens[-1][0] == type_ and \
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(value is None or tokens[-1][1] == value)
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def skip_token(tokens: list[tuple[str, str]], type_: str, value: str | None = None):
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if test_next_token(tokens, type_, value):
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return tokens.pop()
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def value_node(value: int) -> tuple[Literal['value'], tuple[int]]:
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return 'value', (value, )
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def ident_node(name: str) -> tuple[str, tuple[()]]:
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return name, ()
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def range_list_node(
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range_list: Iterable[Iterable[float | decimal.Decimal]],
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) -> tuple[Literal['range_list'], Iterable[Iterable[float | decimal.Decimal]]]:
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return 'range_list', range_list
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def negate(rv: tuple[Any, ...]) -> tuple[Literal['not'], tuple[tuple[Any, ...]]]:
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return 'not', (rv,)
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class _Parser:
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"""Internal parser. This class can translate a single rule into an abstract
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tree of tuples. It implements the following grammar::
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condition = and_condition ('or' and_condition)*
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('@integer' samples)?
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('@decimal' samples)?
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and_condition = relation ('and' relation)*
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relation = is_relation | in_relation | within_relation
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is_relation = expr 'is' ('not')? value
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in_relation = expr (('not')? 'in' | '=' | '!=') range_list
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within_relation = expr ('not')? 'within' range_list
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expr = operand (('mod' | '%') value)?
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operand = 'n' | 'i' | 'f' | 't' | 'v' | 'w'
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range_list = (range | value) (',' range_list)*
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value = digit+
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digit = 0|1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9
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range = value'..'value
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samples = sampleRange (',' sampleRange)* (',' ('…'|'...'))?
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sampleRange = decimalValue '~' decimalValue
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decimalValue = value ('.' value)?
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- Whitespace can occur between or around any of the above tokens.
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- Rules should be mutually exclusive; for a given numeric value, only one
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rule should apply (i.e. the condition should only be true for one of
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the plural rule elements).
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- The in and within relations can take comma-separated lists, such as:
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'n in 3,5,7..15'.
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- Samples are ignored.
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The translator parses the expression on instantiation into an attribute
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called `ast`.
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"""
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def __init__(self, string):
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self.tokens = tokenize_rule(string)
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if not self.tokens:
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# If the pattern is only samples, it's entirely possible
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# no stream of tokens whatsoever is generated.
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self.ast = None
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return
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self.ast = self.condition()
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if self.tokens:
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raise RuleError(f"Expected end of rule, got {self.tokens[-1][1]!r}")
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def expect(self, type_, value=None, term=None):
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token = skip_token(self.tokens, type_, value)
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if token is not None:
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return token
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if term is None:
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term = repr(value is None and type_ or value)
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if not self.tokens:
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raise RuleError(f"expected {term} but end of rule reached")
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raise RuleError(f"expected {term} but got {self.tokens[-1][1]!r}")
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def condition(self):
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op = self.and_condition()
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while skip_token(self.tokens, 'word', 'or'):
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op = 'or', (op, self.and_condition())
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return op
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def and_condition(self):
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op = self.relation()
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while skip_token(self.tokens, 'word', 'and'):
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op = 'and', (op, self.relation())
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return op
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def relation(self):
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left = self.expr()
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if skip_token(self.tokens, 'word', 'is'):
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return skip_token(self.tokens, 'word', 'not') and 'isnot' or 'is', \
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(left, self.value())
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negated = skip_token(self.tokens, 'word', 'not')
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method = 'in'
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if skip_token(self.tokens, 'word', 'within'):
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method = 'within'
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else:
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if not skip_token(self.tokens, 'word', 'in'):
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if negated:
|
||
raise RuleError('Cannot negate operator based rules.')
|
||
return self.newfangled_relation(left)
|
||
rv = 'relation', (method, left, self.range_list())
|
||
return negate(rv) if negated else rv
|
||
|
||
def newfangled_relation(self, left):
|
||
if skip_token(self.tokens, 'symbol', '='):
|
||
negated = False
|
||
elif skip_token(self.tokens, 'symbol', '!='):
|
||
negated = True
|
||
else:
|
||
raise RuleError('Expected "=" or "!=" or legacy relation')
|
||
rv = 'relation', ('in', left, self.range_list())
|
||
return negate(rv) if negated else rv
|
||
|
||
def range_or_value(self):
|
||
left = self.value()
|
||
if skip_token(self.tokens, 'ellipsis'):
|
||
return left, self.value()
|
||
else:
|
||
return left, left
|
||
|
||
def range_list(self):
|
||
range_list = [self.range_or_value()]
|
||
while skip_token(self.tokens, 'symbol', ','):
|
||
range_list.append(self.range_or_value())
|
||
return range_list_node(range_list)
|
||
|
||
def expr(self):
|
||
word = skip_token(self.tokens, 'word')
|
||
if word is None or word[1] not in _VARS:
|
||
raise RuleError('Expected identifier variable')
|
||
name = word[1]
|
||
if skip_token(self.tokens, 'word', 'mod'):
|
||
return 'mod', ((name, ()), self.value())
|
||
elif skip_token(self.tokens, 'symbol', '%'):
|
||
return 'mod', ((name, ()), self.value())
|
||
return ident_node(name)
|
||
|
||
def value(self):
|
||
return value_node(int(self.expect('value')[1]))
|
||
|
||
|
||
def _binary_compiler(tmpl):
|
||
"""Compiler factory for the `_Compiler`."""
|
||
return lambda self, left, right: tmpl % (self.compile(left), self.compile(right))
|
||
|
||
|
||
def _unary_compiler(tmpl):
|
||
"""Compiler factory for the `_Compiler`."""
|
||
return lambda self, x: tmpl % self.compile(x)
|
||
|
||
|
||
compile_zero = lambda x: '0'
|
||
|
||
|
||
class _Compiler:
|
||
"""The compilers are able to transform the expressions into multiple
|
||
output formats.
|
||
"""
|
||
|
||
def compile(self, arg):
|
||
op, args = arg
|
||
return getattr(self, f"compile_{op}")(*args)
|
||
|
||
compile_n = lambda x: 'n'
|
||
compile_i = lambda x: 'i'
|
||
compile_v = lambda x: 'v'
|
||
compile_w = lambda x: 'w'
|
||
compile_f = lambda x: 'f'
|
||
compile_t = lambda x: 't'
|
||
compile_c = lambda x: 'c'
|
||
compile_e = lambda x: 'e'
|
||
compile_value = lambda x, v: str(v)
|
||
compile_and = _binary_compiler('(%s && %s)')
|
||
compile_or = _binary_compiler('(%s || %s)')
|
||
compile_not = _unary_compiler('(!%s)')
|
||
compile_mod = _binary_compiler('(%s %% %s)')
|
||
compile_is = _binary_compiler('(%s == %s)')
|
||
compile_isnot = _binary_compiler('(%s != %s)')
|
||
|
||
def compile_relation(self, method, expr, range_list):
|
||
raise NotImplementedError()
|
||
|
||
|
||
class _PythonCompiler(_Compiler):
|
||
"""Compiles an expression to Python."""
|
||
|
||
compile_and = _binary_compiler('(%s and %s)')
|
||
compile_or = _binary_compiler('(%s or %s)')
|
||
compile_not = _unary_compiler('(not %s)')
|
||
compile_mod = _binary_compiler('MOD(%s, %s)')
|
||
|
||
def compile_relation(self, method, expr, range_list):
|
||
ranges = ",".join([f"({self.compile(a)}, {self.compile(b)})" for (a, b) in range_list[1]])
|
||
return f"{method.upper()}({self.compile(expr)}, [{ranges}])"
|
||
|
||
|
||
class _GettextCompiler(_Compiler):
|
||
"""Compile into a gettext plural expression."""
|
||
|
||
compile_i = _Compiler.compile_n
|
||
compile_v = compile_zero
|
||
compile_w = compile_zero
|
||
compile_f = compile_zero
|
||
compile_t = compile_zero
|
||
|
||
def compile_relation(self, method, expr, range_list):
|
||
rv = []
|
||
expr = self.compile(expr)
|
||
for item in range_list[1]:
|
||
if item[0] == item[1]:
|
||
rv.append(f"({expr} == {self.compile(item[0])})")
|
||
else:
|
||
min, max = map(self.compile, item)
|
||
rv.append(f"({expr} >= {min} && {expr} <= {max})")
|
||
return f"({' || '.join(rv)})"
|
||
|
||
|
||
class _JavaScriptCompiler(_GettextCompiler):
|
||
"""Compiles the expression to plain of JavaScript."""
|
||
|
||
# XXX: presently javascript does not support any of the
|
||
# fraction support and basically only deals with integers.
|
||
compile_i = lambda x: 'parseInt(n, 10)'
|
||
compile_v = compile_zero
|
||
compile_w = compile_zero
|
||
compile_f = compile_zero
|
||
compile_t = compile_zero
|
||
|
||
def compile_relation(self, method, expr, range_list):
|
||
code = _GettextCompiler.compile_relation(
|
||
self, method, expr, range_list)
|
||
if method == 'in':
|
||
expr = self.compile(expr)
|
||
code = f"(parseInt({expr}, 10) == {expr} && {code})"
|
||
return code
|
||
|
||
|
||
class _UnicodeCompiler(_Compiler):
|
||
"""Returns a unicode pluralization rule again."""
|
||
|
||
# XXX: this currently spits out the old syntax instead of the new
|
||
# one. We can change that, but it will break a whole bunch of stuff
|
||
# for users I suppose.
|
||
|
||
compile_is = _binary_compiler('%s is %s')
|
||
compile_isnot = _binary_compiler('%s is not %s')
|
||
compile_and = _binary_compiler('%s and %s')
|
||
compile_or = _binary_compiler('%s or %s')
|
||
compile_mod = _binary_compiler('%s mod %s')
|
||
|
||
def compile_not(self, relation):
|
||
return self.compile_relation(*relation[1], negated=True)
|
||
|
||
def compile_relation(self, method, expr, range_list, negated=False):
|
||
ranges = []
|
||
for item in range_list[1]:
|
||
if item[0] == item[1]:
|
||
ranges.append(self.compile(item[0]))
|
||
else:
|
||
ranges.append(f"{self.compile(item[0])}..{self.compile(item[1])}")
|
||
return f"{self.compile(expr)}{' not' if negated else ''} {method} {','.join(ranges)}"
|